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Accident Reconstructions: Types of Evidence

In the U.S., around 6.75 million car crashes happen every day. That’s 18,510 per day and 13 accidents every minute. Almost 2 million people involved in car collisions suffer injuries, while these crashes cause over 33,000 fatalities.

Economic damages alone cause insurance companies to pay billions in compensation to accident victims; when adding non-economic damages, the dollar amount is truly staggering. Insurance companies don’t want to pay more than they must, even in cases involving severe injuries or death.

Who is at fault for motor vehicle accidents determines whose insurance carrier is liable to pay damages. Companies try to blame other drivers so they won’t have to pay. Accident reconstruction is a tool used by many insurance investigators, law enforcement officials, and auto accident attorneys to determine why and how crashes happen to assist in assigning fault.

What Is Accident Reconstruction?

Trained personnel gather and examine several types of evidence to create a crash map and computer-generated simulation of an accident. This data can accurately suggest the sequence of events in the accident. Officials use these reconstructions to analyze the causes of the collision.

What Evidence Does Accident Reconstructions Use?

To provide accurate accident reconstructions and simulations, technicians use every piece of available data to create a complete picture.

Photos

Accident scene photos capture lots of evidence. On-the-scene investigators take pictures of:

  • Vehicle positions
  • Vehicle damage
  • Skid marks
  • Roadway conditions, including potholes
  • Injuries
  • Any other pertinent details

Accident Reports

Law enforcement officers make official reports for every accident they respond to. The officers recount driver, occupant, and witness statements stating how the accident happened in these reports. These accounts are often contradictory, while some observers saw details that others didn’t.

Occupant Kinematics

Automobile occupants move during collisions; the forces involved sometimes throw people around violently. Occupant kinematics studies how the occupants move. Investigators include several factors:

  • Where and how occupants were sitting
  • Descriptions of injuries
  • The direction of impact
  • How the vehicle’s speed changed during the collision
  • Seat belt usage
  • The vehicle’s interior and exterior conditions after the crash
  • Auto safety systems

Analysts use occupant kinematics results to verify that the series of events in an accident could realistically cause the injuries reportedly sustained in the crash.

Measurements

When a collision ends, the vehicles involved are in various positions. Some may be overturned, perpendicular to the road, or turned around due to the force of the crash. While some accidents result in cars that remain touching afterward, others push vehicles away from each other.

These angles and distances between cars are vital parts of accident reconstructions because technicians can use physics along with measurements to help determine the speeds involved, the sequence of events, the direction of impact(s), and how the vehicles wound up in those positions.

Vehicle Inspections

Inspectors look at the interior and exterior conditions of vehicles involved in accidents. Internal inspections can show what caused the occupants’ injuries, whether loose objects in the car or structural parts.

Exterior inspections show the damages caused by the collision. The specific characteristics of these damages can help determine speeds and angles of impact.

Black Box Data

Most personal vehicles on the roads today collect electronic data in a black box; commercial vehicles have electronic control modules that gather the same data types. Black boxes record important data that can help technicians recreate a driver’s actions:

  • Were vehicle occupants wearing seat belts?
  • Were the headlights on?
  • Was the driver’s steering erratic or steady?
  • How and when did the driver apply brakes?
  • How fast was the vehicle going?

Weather Conditions

Weather conditions contribute to a significant number of auto accidents. Hard rain or falling snow can make it difficult for drivers to see. High winds can cause shifts, especially for high-profile vehicles. Snow and ice buildups and standing water make roads slippery, often causing drivers to lose control of their cars.

Road Conditions

Investigators look at things like:

  • Potholes
  • Debris in the road
  • Sharp curves or poorly designed roads
  • Standing or pooling water, snow, or ice
  • Rough surfaces
  • Malfunctioning traffic lights
  • Poor lighting
  • Animals crossing the road

Any of these things can either contribute to or even cause car crashes.

Time of Day

Several times every day, visibility is affected. Sunrise and sunset bring the chance of sunlight blinding drivers, while darkness prevents drivers from having a wide field of vision.

In addition, rush hour typically brings many drivers out at the same time. More traffic means more chances of accidents.

What Is Collision Analysis?

Collision analysis looks at the physics and facts of the crash. Analysts examine the data to:

  • Determine fault in the accident.
  • Highlight road conditions that appropriate governmental agencies should address.
  • Gather data for vehicle manufacturers to use when assessing a car’s safety and performance.
  • Show if the accident could have caused the injuries that victims sustained.

Why Is Fault Important in Car Accidents?

Every state has different laws and regulations that govern how insurance companies must pay damages resulting from car accidents; they can vary significantly. Multiple parties are often somewhat responsible for causing many collisions, and insurance companies use the percentage of assigned fault when compensating accident victims for damages.

Another vital aspect of auto injury cases is driver negligence. Examining the data and collision simulations gathered by accident reconstructions can provide evidence of driver negligence.

What Is Negligence?

In legal terms, negligence is “a failure to behave with the level of care that someone of ordinary prudence would have exercised under the same circumstances. The behavior usually consists of actions, but can also consist of omissions when there is some duty to act.”

Law requires everyone who operates a motor vehicle to drive safely to minimize the risk of causing harm to themselves or others. Negligent drivers purposefully put this law aside, often causing wrecks. Negligent driving takes many forms, and we discuss some common instances below.

Failing to Follow Driving Laws

Driving laws are in place to protect everyone on America’s roads. Examples of failing to adhere to these laws are speeding, following too closely behind other vehicles, failing to signal lane changes, not yielding the right of way, improper merging, and failing to stop at traffic lights or stop signs.

Driving While Drinking or Taking Drugs

Alcohol and drugs physically impair a driver’s ability to focus, slow reaction times, and affect judgment.

Driving While Distracted

Distractions are anything that takes a driver’s attention away from the road:

  • Daydreaming
  • Grooming activities
  • Cell phone usage
  • Interactions with other vehicle occupants

Did You Sustain Injuries in a Car Accident?

Hiring professionals to perform an accident reconstruction is only one of the ways that Fielding Law helps those injured in motor vehicle collisions. We have vast resources that we use to gather evidence for every claim.

Fielding Law stands out from the rest:

  • We focus on our clients’ needs. We answer your questions promptly and in-depth.
  • You can always speak to your attorney, not only our office staff.
  • You’ll benefit from the big-firm resources at our disposal, but we don’t use the assembly line approach; we get to know our clients, along with the issues and facts of their cases.
  • Our knowledge and experience in personal injury cases allow us to successfully negotiate maximum compensation for our clients.

Contact us today for your free case evaluation. You can reach us 24/7 by using our live chat or calling us at (877) 880-4090, or submitting our online contact form. You won’t pay us any attorney fees unless you win.